The world’s biggest war memorial

The Great Ocean Road, an iconic coastal highway located in the state of Victoria, Australia, is not only one of the world's most scenic drives but also a testament to human resilience and a symbol of gratitude. Spanning approximately 243 kilometers (151 miles) along the rugged southern coastline of Victoria, this engineering marvel has a rich and fascinating history that weaves together tales of war, hope, and the sheer determination of its builders.

Origins and Inspiration

The idea for the Great Ocean Road emerged during the early 20th century. In the aftermath of World War I, returned soldiers faced high unemployment, and the Australian government sought ways to provide them with jobs and improve accessibility to the isolated coastal areas of Victoria.

In 1918, Lieutenant Colonel Sir William Robinson, a decorated war veteran, proposed the construction of a coastal road that would connect the scattered coastal towns and provide a scenic route for tourists. The proposal was met with enthusiasm, and the ambitious plan soon took shape.

Conditions on the construction site were basic.

Construction and Labor

Construction of the Great Ocean Road commenced on September 19, 1919, with around 3,000 returning servicemen undertaking the monumental task. The initial survey team slowly progressed through dense scrub, covering approximately three kilometers per month. Manual labor was the norm, involving explosives, picks, shovels, wheelbarrows, and some basic machinery. The most treacherous parts were the final sections along steep coastal cliffs. These men faced daunting challenges, including landslides and rockfalls, but their determination and hard work pushed the project forward.

Despite the challenges, the workers were dedicated and resourceful, even finding ways to make their arduous journey more comfortable. Anecdotal evidence suggests that they would place detonators on their knees during travel, as it provided the smoothest ride. The soldiers were paid 10 shillings and sixpence for an eight-hour workday, with half-day shifts on Saturdays. They lived in tents and gathered in a communal dining marquee for meals, which cost up to 10 shillings per week. Despite the remote isolation of their camps, they enjoyed some recreational activities, including access to a piano, gramophone, games, newspapers, and magazines.

In 1924, a notable incident occurred when the coastal steamer Casino ran aground near Cape Patton between Lorne and Apollo Bay, hitting a reef near the Grey River. The legend goes that 500 barrels of beer and 120 cases of spirits were discarded, and the road workers took advantage of the unexpected windfall, enjoying an unplanned two-week-long drinking break. However, records from Museums Victoria indicate that most of the cargo, mostly Christmas goods, was dumped into the sea. The Age reported that the Great Ocean Road proved to be a blessing for the passengers, allowing them to safely reach Wood's farm house in Apollo Bay. It also highlighted the need for the road's completion to facilitate the transportation of the vessel's cargo to Apollo Bay, Wye River, or Lorne.

Completion and Unveiling

Great Ocean Road Toll Tickets c1930s — Great Ocean Road Toll Tickets from the 1930s. Source: Wikipedia

The Great Ocean Road was officially completed on March 26, 1932, and the final section connecting Apollo Bay and Lorne was named the "Soldiers' Road" to honor the returned servicemen who built it. The opening ceremony was a momentous occasion, with thousands of people gathering to celebrate the realization of this grand vision.

Initially, the Great Ocean Road posed a formidable challenge for drivers, as it could comfortably accommodate only one vehicle at a time. Sections with steep cliffs were particularly hazardous, offering few opportunities for vehicles to pass each other in opposite directions. To address this issue, "public-spirited citizens" could request the construction of crossovers in the road for a fee of £5, allowing smoother traffic flow.

On October 2, 1936, the road was officially handed over to the State Government. A momentous ceremony took place at the Cathedral Rock toll gate, where the deed for the road was presented to the Victorian Premier. Simultaneously, the tolls were removed, signifying the road's transition into a public asset for all to enjoy.

The Road Today

Over the years, the Great Ocean Road has evolved into one of Australia's most iconic tourist destinations. It offers breathtaking vistas, dramatic cliffs, and stunning natural attractions such as the Twelve Apostles, Loch Ard Gorge, London Arch, and the Bay of Islands.

Tourists flock to the region year-round to witness the rugged beauty of the coastline and to explore the diverse flora and fauna that thrive in the surrounding national parks. The road also provides access to picturesque seaside towns, charming cafes, and opportunities for various outdoor activities, including surfing, hiking, and whale watching.

The Great Ocean Road is often referred to as the "world's largest war memorial." The term is used to recognize the significant historical context of its construction as a tribute to the soldiers who served in World War I.

While there may be other roads or memorials with similar purposes, the Great Ocean Road's length, combined with its explicit dedication to the war veterans and the way it was built and funded, has led it to be commonly recognized as one of the most prominent war memorials in the world.

It is important to note that classifications such as "world's largest" or "world's biggest" can be subjective and may change over time as new memorials are constructed or existing ones are modified. For the Great Ocean Road, its status as a significant war memorial remains a cherished part of its history and heritage.

Preservation and Recognition

Vline bus at Bay of Islands — V/Line buses service the Great Ocean Road and provide time to stop and see some of the highlights.

In 2011, the Great Ocean Road was recognized for its significance to the nation's heritage and culture and was listed as a National Heritage site. This designation highlights its importance not only as a world-renowned scenic drive but also as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by the soldiers who built it.

In recent years, efforts have been made to preserve and protect the Great Ocean Road from the threats of erosion and natural disasters. Various conservation initiatives have been undertaken to ensure that future generations can continue to experience the majesty of this Australian treasure.

The Great Ocean Road in Victoria is much more than a picturesque coastal highway; it is a living memorial to the soldiers who served in World War I and a testament to human resilience and determination. From its humble beginnings as a means to provide employment for returning servicemen, it has evolved into a symbol of gratitude and a celebrated tourist destination.

Today, the Great Ocean Road remains a must-visit location for travelers seeking to immerse themselves in Australia's natural beauty and history. Its sweeping panoramas and captivating attractions continue to inspire and awe visitors from all corners of the globe, offering a profound and unforgettable journey through time along Victoria's spectacular coastline.